Metabolomic sequencing methods are a cutting-edge technology in modern biological research, mainly used to reveal the dynamic changes of metabolites in cells and their role in different physiological or pathological states. Metabolomic sequencing can not only provide important clues for us to understand the basic biology of living organisms, but also bring new opportunities to the fields of disease diagnosis, drug development, etc.
1. Basic principles of metabolomics sequencing Metabolomics is a discipline that studies the composition, concentration changes and their relationships of small molecule metabolites in organisms. Through quantitative analysis of the metabolomic group, scientists were able to obtain panoramic views of organisms' metabolic activities, thus revealing metabolic changes in different biological processes. The core of metabolomic sequencing lies in the application of high-throughput technologies. These technologies can detect thousands of metabolites in a short time, covering a variety of chemicals from amino acids, lipids, sugars to small-molecular drugs. Through advanced analysis platforms, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), etc., metabolomic sequencing can efficiently and accurately separate and identify metabolites.
2. Classification of metabolomic sequencing methods. Metabolomic sequencing methods can be divided into the following main types according to different technical platforms and separation methods: 1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Gas chromatography (GC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) technology is one of the most commonly used analytical methods in metabolomics. GC-MS can efficiently separate and analyze volatile small molecules, and is suitable for the detection of organic small molecules such as lipids and sugars. Due to its high resolution and strong sensitivity, GC-MS is widely used in qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolites. 2. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) LC-MS technology has become another important method in metabolomic sequencing with its high resolution and high sensitivity. Unlike GC-MS, LC-MS can analyze non-volatile and highly polar metabolites, and is especially suitable for the detection of water-soluble compounds such as amino acids and nucleotides. LC-MS technology can not only analyze metabolites qualitatively, but also measure the concentration of metabolites through a flowmeter to obtain quantitative results. 3. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. As a lossless metabolite analysis method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology has the advantages of structural analysis. Although NMR has relatively low sensitivity, it can provide detailed structural information of metabolites, helping scientists better understand the chemical structure and function of metabolites. 4. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) mass spectrometry imaging technology has made significant progress in the field of metabolomics in recent years. By scanning on tissue sections, MSI can generate metabolite distribution maps, revealing the spatial distribution of different metabolites in organisms. This technology is particularly suitable for research on diseases such as tumors and can help analyze metabolic differences in the tumor microenvironment.
Metabolomic sequencing methods are not only a technological breakthrough, but also a revolution in the field of biomedical science. Through a comprehensive analysis of metabolites, we can better understand the nature of life activities and provide innovative solutions for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.
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