What are the methods for processing biological samples?

In the Chinese standard classification, the processing methods of biological samples involve basic standards and general methods of forestry, sampling methods of cement, solid waste, soil and other environmental elements, coal analysis methods, oceanography, basic standards and general methods of water treatment agents, Comprehensive sanitation, analysis methods of toxic substances in water environment, comprehensive cigarette manufacturing, sampling methods of liquid media and plants, animals, and human organs, etc.

Generally speaking, biological sample processing methods mainly include the following:‌

1. Organic matter destruction method (digestion method): It includes dry digestion method and wet digestion method, and is suitable for processing biological samples containing organic matter. ‌

2. Solvent extraction method (‌extraction)‌: ‌Including leaching method, ‌solvent layering method and naphtha extraction method, ‌used to extract specific compounds from biological samples. ‌

3. Chromatographic separation methods: ‌Including column chromatography, ‌plate chromatography, ‌adsorption chromatography separation and gel separation, ‌used to separate and purify compounds in biological samples. ‌

4. Distillation method: ‌Including normal pressure distillation, ‌vacuum distillation and steam distillation, ‌suitable for separating and extracting volatile compounds. ‌

5. Chemical methods: ‌Including precipitation separation method, ‌masking method, ‌palladium sulfide method, ‌saponification method, etc., which are used to process biological samples that require specific chemical reactions. ‌

6. Physical analysis methods: ‌Including protein precipitation methods, ‌separation and concentration methods, ‌conjugate hydrolysis methods and chemical derivatization methods, ‌applicable to processing biological samples that require specific physical conditions. ‌

The choice of these methods depends on the nature of the biological sample, the nature of the component to be measured, and the specific needs of the experiment. ‌Each method has its applicable scenarios and limitations, ‌so choosing the appropriate method is crucial to ensure the accuracy and reliability of experimental results.