Working principle of fully automatic nucleic acid extraction instrument

1. Overview of the fully automatic nucleic acid extractor The fully automatic nucleic acid extractor is an instrument used to separate and purify nucleic acids. Compared with traditional extraction methods, the fully automatic nucleic acid extraction instrument can achieve rapid and high-throughput nucleic acid extraction, and is easy to operate, saving time and labor.

2. Steps of the fully automatic nucleic acid extractor The fully automatic nucleic acid extractor realizes the extraction and purification of nucleic acids through multiple steps. The main steps are as follows:

1. 细胞破解
   将细胞或组织样本加入破解液中，利用高速离心、超声波或高压力等方法破坏细胞膜和细胞壁，释放出内部的核酸。
2. 核酸结合
   将破解后的样本加入载体上的离心柱中，核酸会在pH、浓度等条件下与载体表面的材料结合。一般情况下，核酸结合后会与其他样品成分分离开来。
3. 洗脱杂质
   加入洗脱液，洗去与核酸共沉淀的其他物质，使核酸得到纯化。
4. 洗涤与干燥
   通过多种液体、气体的洗涤方式，将残留在离心柱中的杂质去除。
5. 最终洗脱
   将洗涤后的离心柱加入溶解液，使结合在载体表面的核酸重新溶解出来。此处的核酸已经获得了高度的纯化，可以用于后续分析或应用。

3. Principle of fully automatic nucleic acid extraction instrument Magnetic bead method nucleic acid extraction instrument is generally divided into two types: suction method and magnetic rod method:

1. 抽吸法，也叫移液法，是通过固定磁珠、转移液体来实现核酸的提取，一般通过操作系统控制机械臂来实现转移。提取过程如下:
   1) 裂解：在样品中加入裂解液，通过机械运动及加热实现反应液的混匀及充分反应，细胞裂解，释放核酸。
   2) 吸附：在样品裂解液中加入磁珠，充分混匀，利用磁珠在高盐低PH值下对核酸具有很强亲和力的特点，吸附核酸，在外加磁场作用下，磁珠与溶液分离，利用吸头将液体移出弃至废液槽，吸头弃掉。
   3) 洗涤：撤去外加磁场，换用新吸头加入洗涤缓冲液，充分混匀，去除杂质，在外加磁场作用下，将液体移出。
   4) 洗脱：撤去外加磁场，换用新吸头加入洗脱缓冲液，充分混匀，结合的核酸即与磁珠分离，从而得到纯化的核酸。
2. 磁棒法
   磁棒法是通过固定液体，转移磁珠来实现核酸的分离，原理和过程与抽吸法的一样，不同的是磁珠和液体分离的方式。磁棒法是通过磁棒对磁珠的吸附将磁珠从废液中分离开，放入下一步的液体中，实现核酸的提取。

4. Advantages of the fully automatic nucleic acid extraction instrument The main advantages of the fully automatic nucleic acid extraction instrument are: 1. Able to achieve automated, high-throughput operations. 2. The operation is simple and fast. 3. Safe and environmentally friendly. 4. High purity, high yield. 5. No pollution, and the results are stable. 6. Low cost and easy to be widely used. 7. Different types of samples can be processed simultaneously.

4. Summary The fully automatic nucleic acid extraction instrument is an efficient and accurate nucleic acid extraction tool. Its principle is based on multi-channel separation, washing, crystallization and other steps, and realizes a fast and high-throughput nucleic acid extraction process through automated operations.